Sexual Violence in History: A Bibliography

compiled by Stefan Blaschke

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Start: Topical Index: Representations: Films:

Representations: Films:
21ST-CENTURY FILMS


F i l m s :

--- A: À Ma Soeur!, Acolytes, Ai Kaen Seupikeu, Albert Nobbs, American Mary, Angry Indian Goddesses, Anjaana Anjaani, Anjos do sol, Anonyma – eine Frau in Berlin, Arang, As If I Am Not There, The Assault, Assassination Nation

--- B: Baaria, Baixio das bestas, Beyond the Forgotten Eyes, Blue Jasmine, Bol Bachchan, Bordertown, Bruce Almighty, Burning Mooki

--- C: 5x2, City of Life and Death, Clash of the Titans (2010), Code Of Silence, Columbus Circle

--- D: Daman: A Victim of Marital Violence, Deadgirl, Derailed, Descent, Deserto feliz, The Dirty Picture

--- E: Espejo retrovisor, Északi fény

--- F: For Those Who Can Tell No Tales, 40 Days and 40 Nights, Der freie Wille, From Hell

--- G: Ghajini, Ghetto, Grbavica, Guerrilla

--- H: Hard Candy, Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay, Hedwig and the Angry Inch, Horrible Bosses, Hostel, Hostel: Part II, Hostel: Part III

--- I: I'll Sleep When I'm Dead, In the Cut, In The Land of Blood and Honey, Incendies, Les Innocentes, Intimate Grammar, Irrational Man, Irréversible

--- J: Jan Dara, Joanna, Jodhaa Akbar, Josef and Maria

--- K: Kambakkht Ishq, Katalin Varga, Khamosh Pani, Kill Bill, King Arthur, Kites, Kong Bei

--- L: Lammbock, The Last House on the Left, Lemarit Ain, Lilya 4-Ever, Lo Roim Aleich, Lust, Caution

--- M: Mad Max: Fury Road, Madeinusa, Maleficent, Meherjaan, Men, M.F.A., Miasto 44, Mittal versus Mittal, Monster, My Brother Tom, Mystic River

--- O: Ob?awa, Once I Was, One Way, Otel·lo, The Outrage

--- P: Las palmeras en la nieve, Percy Jackson & the Olympians, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, La piel que habito, Pink, Pirates of the Caribbean, The Pledge, Portret v sumerkakh, Precious, Princesas, Promised Land

--- R: Ready, A Red Girl's Reasoning, Resident Evil, Revenge; Room, Ró?a

--- S: Shesh Peamim, The Skin I Live In; The Skinny, Speak, Stalags, Storytelling,

--- T: Taken, Talaash, Talk to Her, Teeth, The Tenth Circle, La Teta Asustada, Transe, Traspatio, Twentynine Palms, Twilight Portrait

--- V: Vacationland, Vanity Fair (2004)

--- W: Wanted, Wedding Crashers, You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger

--- Z: Zerwany k?os, Zwartboek


M u s i c   V i d e o s : Bitch Better Have My Money, Man Down



[Info] Barker, Martin. »"Typically French"?: Mediating Screened Rape to British Audiences.« Rape in Art Cinema. Edited by Dominique Russell. New York 2010: 145-158.

[Info] Brinkema, Eugenie. »Rape and the rectum. Bersani, Deleuze, Noé.« Camera obscura 20 (2005): 33-57.

[Info] Farr, Brittany. »Rape as Revenge: The 'Millennium Trilogy' and Rape-Revenge Films.« 52nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies. Boston 2012.

[Info] Sigurdson, Erika R. »Violence and Historical Authenticity: Rape (and Pillage) in Popular Viking Fiction.« Scandinavian Studies 86 (2014): 249-267.


[Site] G e n e r a l

[Info] Andrews, David. »The rape-revenge film: biocultural implications.« Jump Cut No. 54 (2012).

[Info] Andrews, David. »Reconsidering the Body Genre: Rape-Revenge and Postfeminist Softcore as Biocultural Phenomena.« Alphaville No. 7 (2014).

[Info] Bolz, Manuel, et al., org. Rape and Revenge: Rache-Kulturen und sexualisierte Gewalt in intermedialer Perspektive / Rape and Revenge: Revenge-cultures and sexualized violence in intermedial perspectives. Hamburg 2022.

[Info] Harper, Stephen. Screening Bosnia: Geopolitics, Gender and Nationalism in Film and Television Images of the 1992-95 War. London 2017.

[Info] Heller-Nicholas, Alexandra. Rape-Revenge Films: A Critical Study. Jefferson 2011.

[Info] Koch, Angela. »Das „unsägliche“ Verbrechen - sexuelle Gewalt im Film.« Geschlecht als Tabu. Orte Dynamiken und Funktionen. Berlin 2006.

[Info] Koch, Angela. »Visualität und Schuld. Performing sexual violence.« Performativität und Performance. Geschlecht in Musik, Bildender Kunst, Theater und Neuen Medien. Hildesheim 2007.

[Info] Köhne, Julia B. »Sexuelle Gewalt und Rache in kulturellen Artefakten. Kommentar und Plädoyer.« Rape and Revenge: Rache-Kulturen und sexualisierte Gewalt in intermedialer Perspektive. Edited by Christine Künzel et al. Göttingen 2024: 297-310.

[Info] Kotthaus, Jochem, ed. Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Weinheim 2015.

[Info] Kotthaus, Jochem. »Vorwort. Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Edited by Jochem Kotthaus. Weinheim 2015: 7-12.

[Info] Künzel, Christine, et al, eds. Rape and Revenge: Rache-Kulturen und sexualisierte Gewalt in intermedialer Perspektive. Göttingen 2024.

[Info] Künzel, Christine. »Rape-and-Revenge: Zwischen Selbstjustiz, Coping-Strategie und pädagogischer Mission. Eine Einführung.« Rape and Revenge: Rache-Kulturen und sexualisierte Gewalt in intermedialer Perspektive. Edited by Christine Künzel et al. Göttingen 2024: 11-28.

[Info] Nummela, Mari. Raiskaus valkokankaalla: Seksuaalisen väkivallan estetiikka fiktioelokuvassa. Opinnäytetyö, Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu, 2014.

[Info] Plessow, Oliver. »Sexualisierte Kriegsgewalt in Geschichtsspielfilmen: Mediale Herausforderungen und Potenziale für historisches Lernen.« Zeitschrift für Geschichtsdidaktik 19 (2020): 30-44.

[Info] Reifenberger, Julia. Girls with Guns. Rape & Revenge Movies: Radikalfeministische Ermächtigungsfantasien? Berlin 2013.

[Info] Reifenberger, Julia. »»Kill your rapist!« Der Rape-Revenge-Film als genderpolitisches Verwirrstück. Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Edited by Jochem Kotthaus. Weinheim 2015: 82-105.

[Info] Reuter, Ingo. »Religion, das Übernatürliche und sexuelle Gewalt.« Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Edited by Jochem Kotthaus. Weinheim 2015: 225-242.

[Info] Russell, Dominique. »Introduction: Why Rape?« Rape in Art Cinema. Edited by Dominique Russell. New York 2010: 1-12.

[Info] Russell, Dominique, ed. Rape in Art Cinema. New York 2010.

[Info] Soko?owska-Pary?, Marzena. »War Rape: Trauma and the Ethics of Representation.« Traumatic Memories of the Second World War and After. Edited by Peter Leese et al. Houndmills 2016: 223-244.

[Info] Stiglegger, Marcus. »Film als existenzielle Erfahrung. Zur Phänomenologie des Terrorkinos.« Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Edited by Jochem Kotthaus. Weinheim 2015: 60-81.

[Info] Vitanza, Victor J. Chaste Cinematics. New York 2015.

[Info] Wagner, Hedwig. »Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Überlegungen zum Darstellungsaspekt von Sexualität und zu möglichen Filmlektüren.« Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Edited by Jochem Kotthaus. Weinheim 2015: 43-57.

[Info] Wood, Isaac G. »Male Rape in Comedy Representation in the Family Film.« Sex and the Cinema: A Film Studies Journal Conference. Canterbury 2016.

[Info] Wright, Katie. »Speaking Out: Representations of Childhood and Sexual Abuse in the Media, Memoir and Public Inquiries.« Red Feather Journal 7 (2016): 17-30.


[Site] A f r i ca n   F i l m s

[Site] Nigerian Films

Drama Films: Dry, Titles: Aibikita, Eje Mi, Right Time, Tango With Me


[Site] A m e r i c a n   F i l m s

[Site] Argentine Films

Titles: Garage Olimpo

[Site] Canadian Films


[Site] Cuban Films

[Info] Rogers, Jamie. »Reading Rape as National Allegory: Constructions of Masculinity in Cuban and Mexican Film.« 56th Annual Conference of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies. Montreal 2015.


[Site] Mexican Films

[Info] Rogers, Jamie. »Reading Rape as National Allegory: Constructions of Masculinity in Cuban and Mexican Film.« 56th Annual Conference of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies. Montreal 2015.


[Site] Peruvian Films


[Site] U.S. Films

Films: Crimson Peak, A History of Violence, I Spit on Your Grave (2010), I Spit on Your Grave 2; Docudrama: Hotel Rwanda; Documentary Films: The Greatest Silence: Rape in the Congo, Shusenjo; Drama Films: Things Behind the Sun; Fantasy Comedy: Freaky Friday; Historical Drama Films: The Last Duel; Horror Films: Cthulhu, Innsmouth, The Invisible Man, Scream 2, Scream 3 ; Romantic Comedy: It's a Boy Girl Thing., To All The Boys I’ve Loved Before; Superhero Films: Wonder Women 1984; Teen Films: Alex Strangelove, Blockers, Booksmart, Good Boys, The Kissing Booth, Lady Bird, The Miseducation of Cameron Post, Mysterious Skin, This Is the End, The To Do List; Thriller Films: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, Straw Dogs; Netflix Series: Bridgerton, Echoes, Jessica Jones, 13 Reasons Why, Unbelievable; TV Series: Bag of Bones, Beartown, Big Little Lies, Charmed, Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, The Closer, Eureka, The Orville, Outlander, Riverdale, Supernatural, True Detective, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt

[Info] Bächler, Maja. »Sexuelle Gewalt im Kriegsfilm.« Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Edited by Jochem Kotthaus. Weinheim 2015: 106-126.

[Info] Berridge, Susan. »'Happy Endings?' Self-contained Episodes of Sexual Violence Teen Drama Series.« 6th Annual Conference of the Media, Communication and Cultural Studies Postgraduate Network. Bangor 2009.

[Info] Berridge, Susan. »Sexual Violence and Revelations: Homophobic Abuse as a Catalyst for Coming out in Teen Drama Series.« 20th Screen Studies Conference. Glasgow 2010.

[Info] Berridge, Susan. »Personal Problems and Women's Issues: Episodic sexual violence narratives in US teen drama series.« Feminist Media Studies 11 (2011): 467-481.

[Info] Berridge, Susan. »Starting with Sexualised Violence: Feminist Concerns in Heroine TV Pilots.« Television for Women: An International Conference. Coventry 2013.

[Info] Borgedahl, Oscar M., et al. Våldtäkt i Hollywoods krigsfilmer: Har representationen av orsaken till våldtäkt i krig ändrats i Hollywoods krigsfilmer mellan perioden före 1980-talet och den efter 1980-talet? Självständigt arbete på grundnivå, Högskolan Väst, 2017.

[Info] Borgedahl, Oscar M., et al. »Rape in Hollywood Combat Movies: Representations of the Causes of Wartime Rape.« Rape Cultures and Survivors: An International Perspective. Vol. 1. Edited by Tuba Inal et al. Santa Barbara 2018: 101-138.

[Info] Dupree, Renee A.V. »Rape Culture and Romance: A Thematic Analysis of Sexual Scripts Used by Major Characters in New Millennial Comedy Films.« 49th Annual Meeting of the Popular Culture Association / American Culture Association. Washington, D.C. 2019.

[Info] Finley, Laura L. »Rape Films.« Violence in Popular Culture: American and Global Perspectives. Edited by Laura L. Finley. Santa Barbara 2019: 83-85.

[Info] Funnell, Lisa, et al. »Introduction: The Promise of #MeToo as a Theoretical Lens.« Screening #MeToo: Rape Culture in Hollywood. Edited by Lisa Funnell et al. Albany 2022: 1-10.

[Info] Funnell, Lisa, et al., eds. Screening #MeToo: Rape Culture in Hollywood. Albany 2022.

[Info] Gustafsson-Wood, Isaac. Male rape in film comedy: Representations in contemporary Hollywood. Doctoral Thesis, University of Southampton, 2019.

[Info] Houde, Katia. »When Scars Speak: Embodied Testimonies of Sexual Violence in Trauma Cinema.« 61st Annual Society for Cinema and Media Studies Conference. Denver 2020.

[Info] Jimenez Murguía, Salvador, et al, eds. The Encyclopedia of Sexism in American Films. Lanham 2020.

[Info] Kotthaus, Jochem. »»›Red‹ is the safeword!« Zum Verhältnis von Sex und Gewalt am Beispiel von BDSM-Pornographie. Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Edited by Jochem Kotthaus. Weinheim 2015: 127-149.

[Info] Murphy, Katherine J. »Analyzing Women’s Representation in the Health Care Field on American Television from 1965–2019.« Midwest Journal of Undergraduate Research No. 12 (2021): 68-97.

[Info] Ritzer, Ivo. »Diktatur der Bilder: Zur medienkulturellen Symptomatik der Repräsentation von Sex und Gewalt in TV-Serien des US-amerikanischen ›Qualitätsfernsehens‹.« Sexuelle Gewalt im Film. Edited by Jochem Kotthaus. Weinheim 2015: 150-168.

[Info] Schubart, Rikke. Super Bitches and Action Babes: The Female Hero in Popular Cinema, 1970-2006. Jefferson 2007.

[Info] Sood, Asmita, et al. »Television Representations of Sexual Violence.« Talking Research (January 15, 2021).

[Info] Taylor, Steven. »Conceptualizing Consent: An Analysis of Viewer Interpretations of Sexual Violence in Film, 1971-2020.« 77th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology. Atlanta 2022.

[Info] Vihanto, Joonas. Tabuaiheiden käsittely amerikkalaisissa draamasarjoissa 1980-luvulta nykypäivään. Opinnäytetyö, Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu, 2014.


[Site] A s i a n   F i l m s

[Site] Bangladeshi Films

[Info] Akhter, Fahmida. Fragmented memory, incomplete history: Women and nation in war films of Bangladesh. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Essex, 2017.

[Info] Chowdhury, Elora H. »Ethical Reckoning: Gender, Vulnerability and Agency in Bangladeshi Liberation War Film.« Annual Meeting of the National Women's Studies Association. San Francisco 2019.

[Info] Hoek, Lotte. »Cut-Pieces as Stag Film: Bangladeshi Pornography in Action Cinema.« Third Text 24 (2010): 135-148.


[Site] Cambodian Films

[Info] Morag, Raya. Perpetrator Cinema: Confronting Genocide in Cambodian Documentary. New York 2020.


[Site] Chinese Films

Documentaries: Twenty-Two

[Info] Huang, Yuhan. »Reframing Gender: Sexual Violence and Crime in Post-socialist Chinese Cinema.« Annual Conference of the Society for Cinema & Media Studies . Denver 2023.

[Info] Xie, Linzi, et al. »Korean and Chinese documentaries on 'comfort women' Issue.« 61st Annual Society for Cinema and Media Studies Conference . Denver 2020.


[Site] Indian Films

Titles: Jazbaa, Maatr, Mom; Drama Films: Monsoon Wedding

[Info] Greeshma, D. »Misogyny in Malayalam Films.« International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 11 (2021): 7-15.

[Info] Manohar, Uttara, et al. »Sexual Assault Portrayals in Hindi Cinema.« Sex Roles 71 (2014): 233-245.

[Info] Shrivastava, Nidhi. »Mass Rapes during the 1947 Partition and its Representation or Silencing in Hindi Cinema.« 51st Annual Convention of the Northeast Modern Language Association. Boston 2020.


[Site] Israeli Films

[Info] Meiri, Sandra. »The Ethical Function of Representing Sexualised Violence against Women during the Holocaust in Israeli Narrative Cinema.« 5th Annual Conference on Israel Studies. London 2016.


[Site] Japanese Films


[Site] Korean Films

North Korean Films: Four Blocks of Ice

South Korean Films: Animated Films: Unforgotten; Documentary Films: Koko Sunyi, Twenty-Two; Films: Snowy Road, Spirits' Homecoming

[Info] Álvarez, María del Pilar. Memoria histórica y poscolonialismo en Corea del Sur: Los usos del pasado en el nuevo cine documental. Buenos Aires 2015.

[Info] Xie, Linzi, et al. »Korean and Chinese documentaries on 'comfort women' Issue.« 61st Annual Society for Cinema and Media Studies Conference . Denver 2020.

[Site] Pakistani Films

Films: Khamosh Pani



[Site] Sri Lankan Films

Historical Films: Gaadi; Romantic Films: Alborada


[Site] Thai Films

[Info] Townsend, Rebecca. »Prisoner of love: Sexual violence on Thai television.« Critical Asian Studies 48 (2016): 579-596.


[Site] Turkish Films

[Info] Inal, Tuba. »Rape in Turkish Cinema: The (Re)production of a Rape Culture through Film.« Agnes Scott College. Decatur 2015.

[Info] Inal, Tuba. »The (Re)production of a Rape Culture through Film: Turkish Cinema's Love Affair with Rape.« Continuum 31 (2017): 802-819.


[Site] E u r o p e a n   F i l m s

[Site] Belgian Films

Films: Calvaire


[Site] Danish Films

Thriller Films: Män som hatar kvinnor


[Site] English Films

[Info] Loreck, Janice. Provocation in Women's Filmmaking: Authorship and Art Cinema: Authorship and Art Cinema. Edinburgh 2023: 52-78.


[Site] French Films

Thriller Films: Elle; TV Series: Borgia


[Site] German Films


[Site] Irish Films

Drama Films: The Magdalene Sisters


[Site] Polish Films

Films: Demon


[Site] Spanish Films


[Site] Swedish Films

Thriller Films: Män som hatar kvinnor

[Info] Loreck, Janice. Provocation in Women's Filmmaking: Authorship and Art Cinema: Authorship and Art Cinema. Edinburgh 2023: 52-78.


[Site] O c e a n i a n   F i l m s

[Site] Australian Films

[Info] Heller-Nicholas, Alexandra. »Fair Games and Wasted Youth: Twenty-five Years of Australian Rape-Revenge Film (1986-2011).« Metro Magazine No. 170 (2011): 86-89.